Stages & Diagnosis of Breast Cancer | 3D Animation
Author Name:Dr. Smurf
Youtube Channel Url:https://www.youtube.com/@drsmurf
Youtube Video URL:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H3RhmSjSE9I
Title: Stages & Diagnosis of Breast Cancer | 3D Animation
Author Name: Dr. Smurf
Description: Breast cancer is five stages ranges from Stage 0 "Non invasive" to Stage IV "Metastatic cancer spread to distant organs",
Doctors determine these stages using the TNM system, which looks at
tumor size, node involvement, and distant spread.
In this video, We explain the 5 stages of breast cancer, and how to detect early masses in the breast before metastatic spread, especially in early stages.
00:00 : Introduction
01:21 : Stages of Breast Cancer TNM System
01:49 : Stage Zero Breast Cancer
02:19 : Stage One Breast Cancer
03:00 : Stage Two Breast Cancer
04:00 : Stage Three Breast Cancer
05:40 : Stage Four Breast Cancer "Metastatic Breast Cancer"
06:27 : Mammogram
07:24 : Breast Examination
08:08 : The End
Thanks for Watching.!
#breastcancer #cancer
Transcript:
(00:01) Breast cancer is a kind of cancer where abnormal cells in the breast grow out of control and form tumors. It's considered the second most common cancer worldwide and the most frequently diagnosed life-threatening cancer in women. About one in six women have a lifetime risk of getting breast cancer. This rate changes depending on the country and the local health standards.
(00:27) [music] This is most commonly spreading into the regional lymph nodes before metastasizing elsewhere. The spread starts to the lymph nodes under the armpit. At the same time, it has a higher potential to travel to distant organs [music] like the lungs, liver, bones, or brain. When breast cancer multiplies and [music] spreads to other parts of the body, it is called metastatic cancer [music] or stage four breast cancer.
(01:00) Stage four metastatic breast cancer [music] is currently considered incurable. At the same time, it's still highly treatable. >> [music] >> When breast cancer cells spread beyond the regional lymph nodes to distant organs, >> [music] >> the goal of medicine shifts from eradication to long-term disease management, [music] effectively treating it like a chronic illness.
(01:22) Breast cancer is divided into five stages according to the TNM system. T, tumor, measuring the size of the main tumor and whether it has grown into nearby skin or the chest wall. N, node, showing if the cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes. M, metastasis, indicates if the cancer has spread to distant organs in the body.
(01:50) The first stage is stage zero, also known as carcinoma in situ, also pronounced as carcinoma in situ or ductal carcinoma in situ, DCIS. It's a non-invasive cancer where abnormal cells stay inside the milk ducts or lobules without spreading. This is the most common type of breast cancer and a highly treatable if remains in this stage.
(02:20) In stage one, also known as the earliest stage of invasive breast cancer, invasive as the cancerous cells are starting to invade the normal surrounding breast tissues. This is why it's called invasive ductal carcinoma as it starts in the cells lining the milk ducts and then breaks through the duct walls into the nearby tissues.
(02:46) The tumor is less than 2 cm in size and has not spread to the surrounding tissues. This is why the 5-year survival rate is 99% like stage zero. In stage two, the tumor is growing larger but remains contained within the breast tissues or has only spread to the nearby lymph nodes. This is why stage two is divided into two subcategories, stage two A and stage two B, based on the size of the primary tumor and whether cancer cells have reached the axillary lymph nodes or not.
(03:28) In stage two A, cancer is found in one to three axillary lymph nodes without breast involvement and also less than 2 cm or tumor in breast is between two and five cm without nodes involvement. In stage two B, the tumor is between two and five cm and found in axillary lymph nodes, or the tumor is larger than 5 cm and has not spread to any lymph nodes.
(04:00) In stage three, breast cancer has grown beyond the immediate region of the tumor and may be affecting nearby lymph nodes and muscles, but hasn't spread to any distant organs. At this stage, it's considered invasive and has spread significantly within the breast and may have invaded nearby tissues or lymph nodes, but it is not yet considered metastatic.
(04:26) In stage 3A, the tumor is larger than 5 cm and small clusters of cancer cells are found in the lymph nodes. Or the tumor can be any size or difficult to find, but has spread to four to nine underarm lymph nodes. In stage 3B, the tumor may be any size and may have spread to the axillary lymph nodes.
(04:53) At the same time, it may also invade the chest wall or breast skin causing visible symptoms like swelling, redness, ulceration, or even inflammation like inflammatory breast cancer, [music] IBC. In stage 3C, the tumor may be any size and has invaded the chest wall or breast skin. It also may invade 10 or more lymph nodes under the arm or near the breastbone.
(05:22) The overall five-year relative survival rate for stage [music] three breast cancer is approximately 86%. This means [music] that at the end of five years, 86% of women diagnosed with stage three breast cancer will have survived. The last [music] stage of breast cancer is stage four, also known as metastatic breast [music] cancer.
(05:48) This is the end stage of breast cancer. Means that the cancer has spread from the original site in [music] the breast and nearby lymph nodes to other organs or parts of the body. Unfortunately, there isn't a cure for stage four breast [music] cancer up till now. However, the average five-year survival rate is 28%.
(06:11) The goal shifts from curing [music] the cancer to managing symptoms and extending life. To detect [music] breast cancer early, screening tests should be done regularly, even before the signs or [music] symptoms of the disease to appear. The best screening test for breast cancer is called a mammogram. A mammogram is an X-ray image of your breasts used to detect and diagnose breast tissue abnormalities and early stage breast cancer [music] before symptoms develop.
(06:43) Major medical guidelines recommend [music] starting regular screening mammograms at age 40. Screening [music] is often done every one to two years, depending on age and risk factors. Women with genetic mutations who have inherited changes to certain genes, such as BRCA1 [music] and BRCA2, are at higher risk of breast [music] and ovarian cancers.
(07:11) They often begin screening earlier, typically at age 30, and may combine mammograms with annual breast MRIs. [music] While major health organizations prioritize mammograms over self-exams for screening, you can easily start a breast self-exam at home. This is a routine visual and physical inspection done by yourself.
(07:33) [music] It help individuals to establish a baseline of what is normal for their bodies and what's not, [music] so they can immediately report any new changes. Also, a doctor or nurse can [music] physically palpate the breasts and the underarm lymph nodes to check for lumps, skin puckering, nipple inversion, or discharge.
(07:54) Some recommend a clinical exam every 1 to 3 years for individuals ages 25 to 39 and annually for those 40 or older and for sure paired with a mammogram above this age. Thanks for watching this video to the end. >> [music] >> If you would like 3D medical animations, don't forget to subscribe. More amazing animations are coming in the way.
(08:19) >> [music] >> Thanks again.
Author Name:Dr. Smurf
Youtube Channel Url:https://www.youtube.com/@drsmurf
Youtube Video URL:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H3RhmSjSE9I
Title: Stages & Diagnosis of Breast Cancer | 3D Animation
Author Name: Dr. Smurf
Description: Breast cancer is five stages ranges from Stage 0 "Non invasive" to Stage IV "Metastatic cancer spread to distant organs",
Doctors determine these stages using the TNM system, which looks at
tumor size, node involvement, and distant spread.
In this video, We explain the 5 stages of breast cancer, and how to detect early masses in the breast before metastatic spread, especially in early stages.
00:00 : Introduction
01:21 : Stages of Breast Cancer TNM System
01:49 : Stage Zero Breast Cancer
02:19 : Stage One Breast Cancer
03:00 : Stage Two Breast Cancer
04:00 : Stage Three Breast Cancer
05:40 : Stage Four Breast Cancer "Metastatic Breast Cancer"
06:27 : Mammogram
07:24 : Breast Examination
08:08 : The End
Thanks for Watching.!
#breastcancer #cancer
Transcript:
(00:01) Breast cancer is a kind of cancer where abnormal cells in the breast grow out of control and form tumors. It's considered the second most common cancer worldwide and the most frequently diagnosed life-threatening cancer in women. About one in six women have a lifetime risk of getting breast cancer. This rate changes depending on the country and the local health standards.
(00:27) [music] This is most commonly spreading into the regional lymph nodes before metastasizing elsewhere. The spread starts to the lymph nodes under the armpit. At the same time, it has a higher potential to travel to distant organs [music] like the lungs, liver, bones, or brain. When breast cancer multiplies and [music] spreads to other parts of the body, it is called metastatic cancer [music] or stage four breast cancer.
(01:00) Stage four metastatic breast cancer [music] is currently considered incurable. At the same time, it's still highly treatable. >> [music] >> When breast cancer cells spread beyond the regional lymph nodes to distant organs, >> [music] >> the goal of medicine shifts from eradication to long-term disease management, [music] effectively treating it like a chronic illness.
(01:22) Breast cancer is divided into five stages according to the TNM system. T, tumor, measuring the size of the main tumor and whether it has grown into nearby skin or the chest wall. N, node, showing if the cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes. M, metastasis, indicates if the cancer has spread to distant organs in the body.
(01:50) The first stage is stage zero, also known as carcinoma in situ, also pronounced as carcinoma in situ or ductal carcinoma in situ, DCIS. It's a non-invasive cancer where abnormal cells stay inside the milk ducts or lobules without spreading. This is the most common type of breast cancer and a highly treatable if remains in this stage.
(02:20) In stage one, also known as the earliest stage of invasive breast cancer, invasive as the cancerous cells are starting to invade the normal surrounding breast tissues. This is why it's called invasive ductal carcinoma as it starts in the cells lining the milk ducts and then breaks through the duct walls into the nearby tissues.
(02:46) The tumor is less than 2 cm in size and has not spread to the surrounding tissues. This is why the 5-year survival rate is 99% like stage zero. In stage two, the tumor is growing larger but remains contained within the breast tissues or has only spread to the nearby lymph nodes. This is why stage two is divided into two subcategories, stage two A and stage two B, based on the size of the primary tumor and whether cancer cells have reached the axillary lymph nodes or not.
(03:28) In stage two A, cancer is found in one to three axillary lymph nodes without breast involvement and also less than 2 cm or tumor in breast is between two and five cm without nodes involvement. In stage two B, the tumor is between two and five cm and found in axillary lymph nodes, or the tumor is larger than 5 cm and has not spread to any lymph nodes.
(04:00) In stage three, breast cancer has grown beyond the immediate region of the tumor and may be affecting nearby lymph nodes and muscles, but hasn't spread to any distant organs. At this stage, it's considered invasive and has spread significantly within the breast and may have invaded nearby tissues or lymph nodes, but it is not yet considered metastatic.
(04:26) In stage 3A, the tumor is larger than 5 cm and small clusters of cancer cells are found in the lymph nodes. Or the tumor can be any size or difficult to find, but has spread to four to nine underarm lymph nodes. In stage 3B, the tumor may be any size and may have spread to the axillary lymph nodes.
(04:53) At the same time, it may also invade the chest wall or breast skin causing visible symptoms like swelling, redness, ulceration, or even inflammation like inflammatory breast cancer, [music] IBC. In stage 3C, the tumor may be any size and has invaded the chest wall or breast skin. It also may invade 10 or more lymph nodes under the arm or near the breastbone.
(05:22) The overall five-year relative survival rate for stage [music] three breast cancer is approximately 86%. This means [music] that at the end of five years, 86% of women diagnosed with stage three breast cancer will have survived. The last [music] stage of breast cancer is stage four, also known as metastatic breast [music] cancer.
(05:48) This is the end stage of breast cancer. Means that the cancer has spread from the original site in [music] the breast and nearby lymph nodes to other organs or parts of the body. Unfortunately, there isn't a cure for stage four breast [music] cancer up till now. However, the average five-year survival rate is 28%.
(06:11) The goal shifts from curing [music] the cancer to managing symptoms and extending life. To detect [music] breast cancer early, screening tests should be done regularly, even before the signs or [music] symptoms of the disease to appear. The best screening test for breast cancer is called a mammogram. A mammogram is an X-ray image of your breasts used to detect and diagnose breast tissue abnormalities and early stage breast cancer [music] before symptoms develop.
(06:43) Major medical guidelines recommend [music] starting regular screening mammograms at age 40. Screening [music] is often done every one to two years, depending on age and risk factors. Women with genetic mutations who have inherited changes to certain genes, such as BRCA1 [music] and BRCA2, are at higher risk of breast [music] and ovarian cancers.
(07:11) They often begin screening earlier, typically at age 30, and may combine mammograms with annual breast MRIs. [music] While major health organizations prioritize mammograms over self-exams for screening, you can easily start a breast self-exam at home. This is a routine visual and physical inspection done by yourself.
(07:33) [music] It help individuals to establish a baseline of what is normal for their bodies and what's not, [music] so they can immediately report any new changes. Also, a doctor or nurse can [music] physically palpate the breasts and the underarm lymph nodes to check for lumps, skin puckering, nipple inversion, or discharge.
(07:54) Some recommend a clinical exam every 1 to 3 years for individuals ages 25 to 39 and annually for those 40 or older and for sure paired with a mammogram above this age. Thanks for watching this video to the end. >> [music] >> If you would like 3D medical animations, don't forget to subscribe. More amazing animations are coming in the way.
(08:19) >> [music] >> Thanks again.
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